Previously, Toyota offered about 800 engine variants, most of which would be replaced with a much simpler lineup of 17 versions of nine Dynamic Force engines. In development and production of the engine, Toyota claims it would be a "completely new engine design based on the TNGA strategy". Cylinder centreline is offset from crankshaft centreline, meaning that piston top dead center is always equivalent to several degrees of crankshaft rotation.Application of updated D-4S (multi-hole injector) system to achieve "high-speed combustion", resulting in thermal efficiency over 40%.Change of port end shape and expansion of seat inner diameter.Longer stroke to bore ratio (under-square design).Very high compression-moderated Atkinson cycle engine.Hydraulic variable valve timing on both intake and exhaust camshafts.
The angle between intake and exhaust valve centreline is 41 degrees–the previous design was 31 degrees.
Specifically, the cylinder head and intake port design improves the tumble flow (longitudinal vortex) to increase the air intake volume–the majority of intake flow is across that portion of the valve closest to cylinder centreline. The engine was developed as an engine that is claimed to achieve both driving performance and environmental performance while pursuing high efficiency and low fuel consumption as well as having a "direct feeling, smooth and pleasant acceleration performance".
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